Cultural anthropology and food Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Social humanities and food - Research Paper Example Food has gotten incredibly instrumental in obviously characterizing the distinctions among the enhanced social groupings. Like the various known socially characterized images and materials, food has additionally served in both cementing bunch participation and separating gatherings (John 2001, 161). It fortifies the social groupings or national character. Food obviously recognizes individuals from various social foundations. John (2001, 243) contends that the connection of one’s utilization, having a place and character of feeds gives one minds of the individual the person is. The food devoured has been utilized in the western and African nations to distinguishing the social foundations of a person. Despite the fact that in the past language has generally been seen as a marker of culture, food has consistently suffered where the language is lost, or its utilization is restricted. As indicated by the social anthropologists, food has been utilized in watching esteemed celebrations and rituals. As indicated by John (2001, 128), Korean and Americans have changed favored food. For example, Koreans culture can without much of a stretch be related with the tendency for moon cakes. While that of individuals from America is related with pizza and cheeseburger eating practices. Definitively, watching the sorts of nourishments devoured by one, can without much of a stretch tell their way of life. Along these lines, as indicated by the anthropologists food and culture are

American Civil Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Civil Exam - Assignment Example Things reached a crucial stage in 1968, when Johnson, who had acquired Lincoln’s Cabinet when Lincoln was killed, chosen to fire his Secretary of War, Edwin Stanton, who openly upheld the extreme Republicans over Johnson. Under the 1867 Tenure of Office Act, Johnson was restricted from terminating any of his staff who’d been affirmed by the Senate for their position. After a respectful stalemate in the War working among Stanton and his selected substitution, the House casted a ballot to receive and Impeachment Resolution, refering to Johnson’s negligence of the Tenure of Office Act just as other â€Å"high crimes† and misdemeanors.† The Republican contention was basic: Johnson had transparently damaged the Tenure of Office Act. Additionally, the House proceeded to include, he was â€Å"an unplanned Chief† and the â€Å"elect of an assassin.† By this time, the House was transparently unfriendly †a reality that antiquarians state may have harmed their case.

Saab Scania Case

It tends to be deduced from the case that the work bunch structure in motor get together office has caused a high turnover proportion, has uninterested more youthful work power and truancy selected to re-plan get together employments. The present predicament for the Saab Automobile is whether they ought to go for product offering plan or proceed with the gathering configuration to the various get together offices. Our goal is to diminish the turnover proportion, increment efficiency and to improve inspiration among youthful power which is at present pervasive in the workplace. The present profitability is 36 motor for every hour which is much underneath the US counterparts.Thus, there is a need to expand it to a practically identical level. We feel that instead of going with the gathering configuration approach, we mean to follow an adjusted gathering structure over all offices. Right off the bat, we have to isolate all the exercises over the four offices dependent on the nature/simi litude of the activity. Furthermore, worker profiling should be done which would classify dependent on their readiness to work across comparable employments or a similar explicit occupations. Presently individuals who are intrigued to work across comparable occupations would be given intermittently a choice to switch between employments which may be across offices also.This would thusly increment employees’ work commitment, work belongingness and work pivot. Workers would now not get exhausted of their dull employments and will discover a state of inspiration and intrigue. Representatives who like doing likewise work or are less keen on exchanging occupations would be permitted to do as such. All these choice will stream down to the long haul employing technique of profiling representatives dependent on their readiness to work across occupations at the underlying degree of recruitment.This should diminish the disappointment and the weariness that was getting made among them. When representatives begin to associate with the employments then the 20% of non-attendance referenced for the situation would diminish radically. Likewise, it will build the quantity of youthful personalities in the business overall. On the other side, individuals will think that its hard to acknowledge the change immediately. After barely any pivots it might again get repetitive and cause weariness among workers. It might likewise cause hatred among workers in the underlying stage. Saab Scania Case It tends to be deduced from the case that the work bunch plan in motor get together office has caused a high turnover proportion, has uninterested more youthful work power and non-appearance picked to re-structure gathering occupations. The present issue for the Saab Automobile is whether they ought to go for product offering plan or proceed with the gathering configuration to the various get together offices. Our goal is to diminish the turnover proportion, increment efficiency and to improve inspiration among youthful power which is as of now common in the workplace. The present profitability is 36 motor for every hour which is much beneath the US counterparts.Thus, there is a need to expand it to a practically identical level. We feel that instead of going with the gathering configuration approach, we expect to follow an altered gathering plan over all offices. Initially, we have to isolate all the exercises over the four divisions dependent on the nature/likeness of the activity. Besides, representative profiling should be done which would sort dependent on their ability to work across comparable occupations or a similar explicit employments. Presently individuals who are intrigued to work across comparable occupations would be given occasionally a choice to switch between employments which may be across offices also.This would thusly increment employees’ work commitment, work belongingness and work revolution. Workers would now not get exhausted of their repetitive employments and will discover a state of inspiration and intrigue. Workers who like doing likewise work or are less keen on exchanging occupations would be permitted to do as such. All these choice will stream down to the long haul employing procedure of profiling representatives dependent on their ability to work across occupations at the underlying degree of recruitment.This should diminish the disappointment and the weariness that was getting made among them. When representatives begin to interface with the employments then the 20% of non-attendance referenced for the situation would diminish radically. Likewise, it will expand the quantity of youthful personalities in the business all in all. On the other side, individuals will think that its hard to acknowledge the change in a split second. After not many revolutions it might again get dreary and cause weariness among workers. It might likewise cause hatred among representatives in the underlying stage.

Greening the Internet Medical Ultrasonics Essay - 550 Words

Greening the Internet Medical Ultrasonics (Essay Sample) Content: ENGINEERINGByInsert name:Institution:Instructor:Date:GREENING THE INTERNETGreening the Internet involves all processes, procedures and methods that are geared to ensuring that the internet uses more renewable energy, less co2 emissions, and less power losses. Many online users and internet retailers are fully aware of the need to preserve energy in order to save planet earth from its imminent destruction. There are three primary methods through which this can be achieved, they include, optimizing linear programming of data centers to reduce energy consumption, investigating the energy saved by making use of data replication scheme and introducing renewable energy sources to the IP such as solar power and wind power.Data can be replicated by ensuring that large operators have a broad range of data centers, replicating content with different popularity to minimize energy consumption and delays and developing an MILP model to optimize the selection of data centers. When all these three methods are combined 28 percent of power is saved which is one of the goals of greening the internet. Renewable energy can be introduced over WDM networks by comparing moving bits to where renewable energy is to transporting renewable energy to data centres.The renewable energy available to a date center depends on location and is a function of transmission losses. By running LP model with different data centers, it can be established that optimum data centers are near to or next to wind farms (Gupta Singh, 2003, p.23).Data compression can be used for energy savings by reducing the bandwidth. By using MILP model an average energy of 29% and 39% is saved. Storing optimum of most popular content at the nodes can significantly reduce the power consumed at a particular time.MEDICAL ULTRASONICSUltrasonic makes use of a principle that a change in material density at a boundary between two materials signal causes a reflection that travels back towards the transducer. Ultra sound depends on the sensitivity, tissue penetration, and spatial resolution. Medical diagnostic applications and several other industrial applications make use of ultrasonics.in medical ultrasonic the heart is imaged and tested using ultrasonic rays. Unlike the common x-rays, it is a process of testing that has no side effects (Pflugrath, Souquet, 97, p 298).A drug loaded MB is injected into the vascular system, the ultrasound is focused at the target site; the MB is pushed against the endometrium for binding to take place, pores are opened by non-inertial cavitation, bubbles are destroyed to release load, high-frequency RF is applied to retain vesicles near target site.Sonoporation is enhanced by increasing ... Greening the Internet Medical Ultrasonics Essay - 550 Words Greening the Internet Medical Ultrasonics (Essay Sample) Content: ENGINEERINGByInsert name:Institution:Instructor:Date:GREENING THE INTERNETGreening the Internet involves all processes, procedures and methods that are geared to ensuring that the internet uses more renewable energy, less co2 emissions, and less power losses. Many online users and internet retailers are fully aware of the need to preserve energy in order to save planet earth from its imminent destruction. There are three primary methods through which this can be achieved, they include, optimizing linear programming of data centers to reduce energy consumption, investigating the energy saved by making use of data replication scheme and introducing renewable energy sources to the IP such as solar power and wind power.Data can be replicated by ensuring that large operators have a broad range of data centers, replicating content with different popularity to minimize energy consumption and delays and developing an MILP model to optimize the selection of data centers. When all these three methods are combined 28 percent of power is saved which is one of the goals of greening the internet. Renewable energy can be introduced over WDM networks by comparing moving bits to where renewable energy is to transporting renewable energy to data centres.The renewable energy available to a date center depends on location and is a function of transmission losses. By running LP model with different data centers, it can be established that optimum data centers are near to or next to wind farms (Gupta Singh, 2003, p.23).Data compression can be used for energy savings by reducing the bandwidth. By using MILP model an average energy of 29% and 39% is saved. Storing optimum of most popular content at the nodes can significantly reduce the power consumed at a particular time.MEDICAL ULTRASONICSUltrasonic makes use of a principle that a change in material density at a boundary between two materials signal causes a reflection that travels back towards the transducer. Ultra sound depends on the sensitivity, tissue penetration, and spatial resolution. Medical diagnostic applications and several other industrial applications make use of ultrasonics.in medical ultrasonic the heart is imaged and tested using ultrasonic rays. Unlike the common x-rays, it is a process of testing that has no side effects (Pflugrath, Souquet, 97, p 298).A drug loaded MB is injected into the vascular system, the ultrasound is focused at the target site; the MB is pushed against the endometrium for binding to take place, pores are opened by non-inertial cavitation, bubbles are destroyed to release load, high-frequency RF is applied to retain vesicles near target site.Sonoporation is enhanced by increasing ...

The Louisiana Purchase Affected The Boundaries Of The...

The Louisiana Purchase affected the boundaries of the U.S. because when Jefferson bought the land, the boundaries were not clear. Spain claimed the border was about one hundred miles west of the Mississippi River, while Jefferson was under the impression that it was around eight hundred miles further west, which was defined by the crest of the Rocky Mountains. This lead to four different government-funded expeditions. The first was in 1804 when Lewis and Clark led an expedition westward to determine the upper reaches of the Missouri River. Throughout the expedition Lewis and Clark were instructed to study the Indian culture, such as plants and animals. They were able to explore the Indian culture when they stayed their first winter in huts beside the Mandan Indians. Without the help from the Indians they would not have survived the winter. They also had to draw out the geography of the West. After the treacherous journey, they reached the Pacific Ocean on November 7, 1805. They made their journey back to St. Louis and arrived back in September 1806. The other three expeditions that took place between 1804 and 1806 were to determine the southwestern border. The first group went down the Red River to the Ouachita River, ending in current-day Arkansas. The second group went west into eastern Texas along the Red River and the third group ended up going too far into the Spaniard’s Territory, which caused them to get arrested and then released soon after. The Adams-Onis treatyShow MoreRelatedFactors Influencing United States Expansion909 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the first half of the 1800s or 19th century there were many factors influencing United States expansion. From the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 to the Gadsden Purchase in 1853 the United States had tripled in size since its original thirteen colonies and only paid forty-five million dollars in doing so. The idea of Manifest Destiny spread quickly throughout the country and soon thousands were moving westward in search of a new way of life. The idea of Manifest Destiny was for the URead MoreThe Evolution Of Democracy And The Early Republic Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pageseveryone else wanted. Jackson was not a good person but he was a good president because he got things done as a president. He did thing that were good not only for him but for America s future. Jefferson accomplished a lot while he was president that affected everyone at this time and even us today. While Jefferson was president, he wrote the Declaration of Independence. It was written to declare the independence the colonies had from Great Britain. He also stated that all men should be created equallyRead MoreHow Did The Louisiana Purchase And The Adams Onis Treaty Affect The Boundaries Of The U.s.1729 Words   |  7 Pages1. How did the Louisiana Purchase and the Adams-Onis Treaty affect the boundaries of the U.S.? The Louisiana Purchase affected the boundaries of the U.S. because when Jefferson bought the land, the boundaries were not clear. Spain claimed the border was about one hundred miles west of the Mississippi River, while Jefferson was under the impression that it was around eight hundred miles further west, which was defined by the crest of the Rocky Mountains. This lead to four different government-fundedRead MoreAmerica s Expansion Of The New Lands852 Words   |  4 Pagesexpanding its boundaries over a vast area. However, the approach which the nation took in the acquisition of the new lands suggests differently as it did in fact greatly benefit America but was truly a much more aggressive form of imperialism. America’s strive to move westward was a thought since the very beginning and expansion helped portray the country’s true potential. This was clearly seen throughout the entire first half of the 19th century. Starting in the year 1803, the United States governmentRead MoreThe Lewis And Clark Expedition1433 Words   |  6 Pagesbrilliant thinker, inventor, and founding father, Thomas Jefferson . It has become a profounding turning point throughout America’s history. Investigating the recently obtained Louisiana Territory, which nearly doubled the size of the country, arranged Jefferson the opportunity to widen the boundaries of the United States to include both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. The threat of the unknown lay ahead for Lewis and Clark’s team. The explorers had no idea what they would e be confronted with onRead MoreEssay on Manifest Destiny 1312 Words   |  6 Pageswealthy countries in the world, the United States of America, has gone throu gh many changes in its long history. From winning its independence from Great Britain to present day, America has changed dramatically and continues to change. A term first coined in the 1840s, Manifest Destiny helped push America into the next century and make the country part of what it is today. The ideas behind Manifest Destiny played an important role in the development of the United States by allowing the territorial expansionRead MoreManifest Destiny : Attitude Westward Expansion898 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelopment and manifest destiny is what makes America what it is today despite the negative aspects of it. Manifest Destiny is one of the peculiar features of America in the 19th century since â€Å"all nations are defined by their shared myths, but only United States had Manifest Destiny† (Amy S. Greenberg 4). I am of two minds in describing it and partially concur with this elucidation of manifest destiny that â€Å"In the mid-nineteenth century, Americans had come to believe that it was their destiny to exploreRead MoreManifest Destiny Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny Westward expansion was a key component that shaped the United States not only geographically, but economically as well. The first sign of any expansion West from the original states was when Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. The country was in need of new land in order to accommodate for the expanding population. Once the country started to expand, its power soon followed. The nation had a struggle with expanding because of the Native AmericansRead More War of 1812 Essay examples866 Words   |  4 Pages The War of 1812 American frigates won a series of single-ship engagements with British frigates, and American privateers continually hurried British shipping. The captains and crew of the frigates constitution and United States became renowned throughout America. Meanwhile, the British gradually tightened a blockade around Americas coasts, ruining American trade, threatening American finances, and exposing the entire coastline to British attack. U.S. forces were not ready for war, and AmericanRead MoreManifest Destiny1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthe social, political and economical effects of this idea on the people living in the United States colonies and the West? Manifest Destiny is a term coined by John L. Sullivan in 1845 when talking about the annexation of Texas. He believed, along with other expansionists, that it’s inevitable that the US population would spread across North America because the land is given by Providence to the United States and that it’s natural that the land should be part of the country [Doc 1]. The idea of

Definition of Air Pollution - 7529 Words

1. Definition of air pollution Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment or built environment, into the atmosphere. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earths ecosystems. Indoor air pollution and urban air quality are listed as two of the worlds worst pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute Worlds Worst Polluted Places report.[1] Define Air pollutants Pollutants Main†¦show more content†¦Within the NMVOCs, the aromatic compounds benzene, toluene and xylene are suspected carcinogens and may lead to leukemia through prolonged exposure. 1,3-butadiene is another dangerous compound which is often associated with industrial uses. * Particulate matter - Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM) or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas. In contrast, aerosol refers to particles and the gas together. Sources of particulate matter can be man made or natural. Some particulates occur naturally, originating from volcanoes, dust storms, forest and grassland fires, living vegetation, and sea spray. Human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants and various industrial processes also generate significant amounts of aerosols. Averaged over the globe, anthropogenic aerosols—those made by human activities—currently account for about 10 percent of t he total amount of aerosols in our atmosphere. Increased levels of fine particles in the air are linked to health hazards such as heart disease,[3] altered lung function and lung cancer. * Persistent free radicals connected to airborne fine particles could cause cardiopulmonary disease.[4][5] * Toxic metals, such as lead, cadmium and copper. * Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - harmful to the ozone layer emitted from products currently banned from use. * Ammonia (NH3) - emitted from agricultural processes. Ammonia is a compoundShow MoreRelatedEssay Types of Pollution942 Words   |  4 Pagesenvironmental pollution. So we wanted to discuss this issue and ask the solutions that we see appropriate. 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It is a problem that we have noticed since the industrial revolution, when trees, houses and cars were covered in soot from the factories. Every year, chemical substances present in the air within buildings affect the healths of thousands of people. The definition of air pollution is The presence in theRead MorePhilippine Clean Air Act of 19991654 Words   |  7 PagesPhilippine Clean Air Act of 1999 CHAPTER 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS Article One: Basic Air Quality Policies SECTION 1. Short Title. - This Act shall be known as the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999. SECTION 2. Declaration of Principles. - The State shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature. 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Primary air pollutant includes carbon monoxide from car exhausts and sulfur dioxide from the combustion of coal. Further pollution can arise if pollutants

Integrated Marketing Communications for Woolworths- myassignmenthelp

Questin: Discuss about theIntegrated Marketing Communications for Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction: The report gives an overview of integrated marketing communications for a company in Australia. The company chosen here is Woolworths Limited (Woolworths.com.au /Shop/Discover/about-us 2018). Woolworths Group represents a major Australian company with extensive interest in the retail. This is the second largest retailer in Australia in terms of revenue. The report commences with a brief overview of the company. There is also a discussion on the promotional mix with an insight on advertising, sales promotion, public relation and personal selling. The report also discusses the strategies adopted by the company to enhance its personal selling that will give it an edge over its competitors. Brief Overview of the Company: Woolworths Limited Companies represents a compilation of the chains, divisions and brands of the Woolworths Limited, a major Australian company having retail interest throughout Australia and New Zealand (Woolworths.com.au 2018). It is represented as the largest food retailer of Australia. Further, Woolworth Limited is not only one of the prominent liquor retailer of Australia but also the largest gaming poker machine and hotel operator of Australia. Thus, the primary operations of the Woolworth brand include supermarkets, liquor retailing, management of the pubs and hotels under the hospitality and leisure group umbrella and discounted departmental stores. Promotional Mix: The promotional mix represents a combination of the promotional methods used for a single product or the family of the products (Armstrong et al., 2014). The elements of the promotional mix to be discussed in this report includes advertising, sales promotion, public relation and personal selling. Advertising: Woolworth represents the major display advertisers in the newspaper that is creative enough for driving readers into action (Moriarty et al., 2014). The advertisements created by Woolworths scores across number of creative diagnostics thereby scoring above the average retail scores of advertising. Price as well as product plays a very important role in advertising of Woolworths. The retailer has implemented a new campaign based on price that runs on the television, radio, online, and print that emphasizes the value of Woolworths supermarket on an everyday basis instead of one-time discounts. Sales Promotion: The retailer puts forward various loyalty schemes for the customers including discounts for petrol pumps. The retailer also launched a people campaign based on fresh food. In addition, the retailer used various magazine, newsletters as well as online media for effective promotion (Teck and Cyril 2013). The availability and accessibility of the retailer made them win loyal customers. The retailer also gave away various gift cards and carried extensive promotional activity via the various online mediums. Public Relation: Woolworths has announced the appointment of professional public relations for ensuring support across its business related to its food group. The professional public relations will not only support the public relations head but also the community and the sponsorships at the Woolworths for undertaking national marketing and campaign activity (Russell and Lamme 2013). The professional public relations also ensures community activity and working with the marketing managers of the local store. The professional public relations would help in demonstrating the extensive experience in the supermarket sector along with unrivaled capacity with the help of their exclusive footprint for supporting the delivery of the campaigns undertaken by the retailer at the local and national level at the most effective and efficient manner. Personal Selling: Personal selling refers to the procedure where businesses make use of people for selling the product after meeting them on a one to one basis (Makhitha, Wies and Van 2014). The products are promoted by the sellers through not only their appearance and attitude but also knowledge of the product. The aim of personal selling is to either encourage or inform the customers for either buying or trialing the product. Woolsworth tries to personalize the shopping experience in its online shopping by ensuring the presence of pickers who handpicks the items just as the shoppers would actually do. Focusing on one of the Promotional Mix: Personal Selling The Woolworths Limited has put forward a three year strategy for winning the trust of the customers and enhances its share of personal selling through the implementation of lower prices along with improving all aspects of the shopping experience (Walsh 2014). Thus, the strategy implemented by the retailer will not only result in lower prices but greater innovation and compelling offers. The retailer has 14.6 million normal customers along with 500,000 customers online so it focuses more on the superiority of the freshness and an appealing range. The largest food retailer group of Australia tries in gaining customer trust along with a larger share of the shopping basket. This helps the company in regaining the sustainable momentum for sales for extending leadership. The retailer in order to enhance its personal selling focuses on three key principles which include: Improving the core offers so that it is preferred by the customers. The company also undertakes innovation for meeting the needs of the customers Enhancing its efficiency by creation of further value of the customers. For enhancing the personal selling experience Woolworths Limited implemented a major investment program (Pollamarasetty and Potti 2016). The retailer ensured $ 125 million price reductions for the customers thereby enhancing the value position of Woolworths at the competitive level. The retailer also ensured matching of the online pricing with the store pricing. The retailer also ensured a major focus in improving the freshness and range of the vegetables and fruits Woolworths also implemented a value and pricing strategy for neutralizing the impact of the competitor that included better ranging, lower pricing, offers to the targeted customers through an improved and revised loyalty system and detailed strategy for the improvement of its own brands (Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/woolworths-rewards 2018). The retailer also involved in refurbishments that ensured rebalancing of the capital expenditure between the existing store refurbishments and the new stores. The retailer in order to enhance personal sales plans to refurbish around 80 stores per annum. The refurbishments undertaken will be according to the preferences of the local customers will be prioritized as per the growth of the customers. Woolworths Limited however would continue development of around 20-30 newer stores in a year according to the population growth and for addressing the gaps within the networks. However for ensuring enhanced personal selling the retailer established a new division known as the Woolworths FoodCo. This section had the responsibility of the development of the newer categories of the product, improvement of the fresh supply of the meat along with its processing facilities and development of the relationships between the strategic sourcing and the primary partners of the industry (Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/pick-woolies 2018). However, as the part of the commitment for growing into food for now or food for the later categories, Woolworths announced the partnership with the Western Sydney based quality food manufacturer Beak Johnson for delivering the first dedicated facilities of ready to cook items. Thus, the given facilities will help in ensuring the range of the meals for the retailers. The existing strength of Woolworth will be harnessed by its food strategy. This is ensured by increasing the investment in multi channel experiences of the customers (Atapattu and Sedera 2013). To ensure enhanced personal selling the online pricing is brought at par with the store pricing available along with a range of the new click and collect locations that will open along with the drive thru collection of points for increasing the convenience of the customers. Woolworth also put forward a customer first system for the measurement of the performances of the teams within the stores with a newer eight metric scorecard thereby replacing the older twenty metric systems while placing the metrics of the customers at the top of rankings. However, the three year strategy for growth depends on the newer Lean Retail model for operation (Noda 2015). This model will help in delivering over $500 million cost reduction that would help in enhancing the experience of customers in terms of better convenience, improved access and service, lower prices and commitment towards the process of innovation. The entire Woolworths team worked together for improving and maintaining the position of the retailer. Thus the retailer represented a stronger business with ample potential for growth and Woolworth is aware of challenges that the retailer faces for realizing the potential. Thus, the supermarkets of Australia had been streamlined into a single division known as the Woolworths Food Group headed by Brad Banducci, the managing director. Conclusion: The report ends with an elaborate discussion on one of the promotional mixes that includes personal selling. There is also discussion on the other promotional mix like advertising, sales promotion, public relation and personal selling. The company chosen for the report is Woolworths Limited. The report also puts forward a brief overview of the company. It is found from the report that the retailer has an extremely customer centric processes that focuses primarily on the satisfaction of the customers. The process aspects of the supermarkets refer to the speedy billing of the goods bought both in the online and the offline mode. The retailer however makes sure that the procedure becomes faster through the use of the latest software for billing along with adequate staff support. The retailer in order to enhance personal selling takes feedback from the customers for constant innovation of the process and making it easier. References: Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S. and Kotler, P., 2014.Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. Atapattu, M. and Sedera, D., 2013. Agility of the firm: customer's perspective. Makhitha, K.M., Wiese, M. and Van Heerden, G., 2014. Informing craft producers in South Africa: Improving visibility and product availability through market communication.Communicare: Journal for Communication Sciences in Southern Africa,33(2), pp.1-24. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Noda, T., 2015. Integration of lean operation and pricing strategy in retail.Journal of Marketing Development and Competitiveness,9(1), p.50. Pollamarasetty, S. and Potti, R., 2016. Omni-channel retailing: enriching customers shopping experience.Handbook of Research on Strategic Supply Chain Management in the Retail Industry,233. Russell, K.M. and Lamme, M.O., 2013. Public relations and business responses to the civil rights movement.Public Relations Review,39(1), pp.63-73. Teck Weng, J. and Cyril de Run, E., 2013. Consumers' personal values and sales promotion preferences effect on behavioural intention and purchase satisfaction for consumer product.Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics,25(1), pp.70-101. Walsh, B., 2014. Chain store retailing in Ireland: a case study of FW Woolworth Co. Ltd, 1914-2008.Journal of Historical Research in Marketing,6(1), pp.98-115. Woolworths.com.au 2018. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/about-us2018.[online]Availableat: https://www.woolworths.com.au/Shop/Discover/about-us [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018] Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/pick-woolies2018.[online]Availableat: https://www.woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/pick-woolies [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018]. Woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/woolworths-rewards2018.[online]Availableat: https://www.woolworths.com.au/shop/discover/woolworths-rewards [Accessed 5 Mar. 2018].

Santa Ana Winds free essay sample

Weather can affect people’s behavior, positively and negatively. When the weather is nice and hot, it affects people positively by encouraging them to enjoy the outdoors, however, when the weather is bad, like when a hurricane hits this effects people negatively by worrying. Similarly, in the essay â€Å"Santa Ana Winds†, by Joan Dideon, the winds are so abrasive and obstructive that it engenders people to actually commit suicide. This occurs in Los Angeles. Even though Dideon provides a scientific explanation for the soft winds, she characterise hem as evil by showing their effects on people and on the environment. Dideon characterizes and demonstrates the winds as evil. She explains that the winds have an effect on people, making them act unusual. â€Å"Indians would throw themselves into the sea when the bad wind blew† Dideon is describing how the winds would permit people to actually commit suicide. The winds would create such a violent disturbance that townsmen would not even want to deal with such a thing, they would just kill themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Santa Ana Winds or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The horrifying winds would also create paranoia in people. â€Å"Her husband roamed the place with a machete† This man thought there were trespassers and rattlesnakes roaming his yard. His obvious beliefs were due to scare. Dideon not only demonstrates the wind having an effect on people, but also the environment. Having a harsh effect on the hills and Route 66. A hot wind from the northeast whining down through the Cajon and San Gorgonio Passes, blowing up sandstorms out along route 66, drying the hills† Here, Dideon is explaining how the winds create sandstorms along route 66 and the hills are drying up. This not only affects the hills and highways, but in the long run will effect global warming, and drying out farms and hills will eventually create a drought. This leads to many other effects on the environment. The Santa Ana Winds effect the environment in more than one way. â€Å"For a few days now, we will see smoke back in the canyons†. Dideon is signifying wildfires occurring on the canyons. With this wildfire, not only will this wildfire burn down tree’s, but will also spread around disease. The Santa Ana Winds have many effects on the environment and people, when it is a nice, hot and a sunny day, people become encouraged to get out and spend time with their family. However, when a hurricane blows in, it creates many disturbing things, such as paranoia, droughts and wildfires. It is important to be alert and recognize the warning signs of dreadful things yet to come. Otherwise, anyone can get trapped in the middle of a storm.

Confucianism And Japanese Growth Essays - East Asian Culture

Confucianism And Japanese Growth Essays - East Asian Culture Confucianism and Japanese Growth Many factors helped aid in the dynamic growth that occurred in Japan and the four little dragons during the post-World War 2 period. Some of these factors were situational factors unique to the time but some of the factors were cultural. The legacy of Confucianism in Japan and the four little dragons helped to further the goals of industrialization that these nations had. The traditions of Confucianism provided for Japan and the four little dragons both a pliant public and a model for choosing competent leaders. Confucian traditions placed an emphasis on the values of the group over the individual. This helped industrialism by creating a pliant populace who were willing to accept long hours and low wages and not question government policies. The traditions of Confucianism taught workers not to question authority. These traditions carried over into the post war period and allowed authoritarian regimes in the four little dragons to go unquestioned by the public. This lack of dissent allowed the four little dragons to have stable governments which were critical to investment and industrialization. The stability of these nations was a direct result of Confucian values being indoctrinated into the population. Confucian placement of the group over the individual and strong belief in filial piety also caused families and local communities to accept social responsibility for members of their community. This safety net that was provided by communities and families allowed the government to limit it's spending on social welfare programs and thus channel more funds into infrastructure and industry. Confucianism also placed an emphasis on self-cultivation which has helped East Asian Countries to have a skilled and ambitious work force. The tradition of self-cultivation like the work ethic that Max Weber credited Proteeztism of producing lead people to strive to acquire new skills, speak foreign languages, and in the offices and businesses of Japan, drive workers to strive with in their firms to improve group performance. Confucian traditions also placed emphasis on the creation of a meritocratic elite and the use of entrance exams. These traditions were in place before World War 2 in the East Asian countries but they helped aid in the carrying out of the industrial policies of the post-war government of Japan and the little Dragons. The traditional system of a meritocratic elite was adopted in the post war years in the form of meritocraticly chosen bureaucracy that made and carried out many government policies. This elite was free from many of the strains of politics and thus was able to carry out policies that democratically elected leaders might not be able to pursue do to the changing feelings of the electorate. Also these bureaucrats because they were meritocraticly chosen were the most able members of society and thus very skilled at handling industrial policies. The system of entrance exams in Asia countries helped to create skilled and proficient workers for industry. The entrance exams were able to target the most able young people and channel them into higher learning, and the entrance exam system was also able to create intense competition among young people spurring students to both acquire knowledge and disciplined work habits. These disciplined and knowledgeable workers were critical in providing the workers that made East Asian Industries successful. Confucian traditions were not the sole cause of industrialization in Japan and the four little dragons. An analysis of other Asian nations such as Thailand, China, Vietnam, Burma, and Laos show that many nations with the same shared history of a Confucian values have not yet industrialized. Confucianism along with other circumezces such as situational factors, timing, domestic industrial policy and luck played key roles in allowing Japan and the four little dragons to industrialize. Some of the situational factors were the presence of U.S. aid and leadership which gave many nations such as Japan a jump start on industrialism, the feeling of urgency among countries such as Taiwan and South Korea who felt that if they were not able to build up their economies they would be over ridden by the communists, the presence of the Japanese model of industrialization which aided Taiwan and South Korea in what types of economic policies to follow. But these factors alone also do not account

Islam Afterlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islam Afterlife - Essay Example Muslims who has followed the teachings of Islam will go to Heaven which is a perfect secure place for rest and peace. And people who has not followed the Islam and ignored Allah’s teachings will be sent to Hell as punishment. From the teachings of our beloved Holy Prophet (SAW), it becomes clear that after the end of an individual in fact take him/her to be lifeless, but that person remains alive. Life after death is entirely dissimilar from this life. The interval between death and Day of Judgment is called ‘Barzakh’. Imam Bukhari reported that Hazrat Aiesha (R.A) said that the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) said: â€Å"Destroyed is the one who has his account settled on the Day of Judgment†, Aiesha (R.A) said: â€Å"O Messenger of Allah, didn’t Allah says: â€Å"Then He who give his records in his right hand soon will his account be taken by easy reckoning†. The Prophet (P.B.U.H) replied: â€Å"This is the skimming through the deeds; and destr oyed is the one who has his account settled on the Day of Judgment.† After this worldly life, every person will be equal before Allah. No any king will be superior than his slave; a slave also can be a king by doing good deeds or by follow Islam sincerely. And a king can remain a king if he is kind and helpful to his people. In the graveyard when an individual is buried, two Angels will be sent by Allah in the graveyard. One angel will be ‘Munkir’ and the other will be ‘Nakir’. There are some specific questions according to the meaning of Ayaat of Quran-e-Pak which will be asked by angel. Questions will be â€Å"What do you know about the messenger (prophet P.B.U.H) of Allah†? â€Å"Who is your Lord†? Than they will ask over that â€Å"What is your religion†? And â€Å"Who is your Prophet†? The dead body will reply all their questions. If the dead body will be a Muslim, he/she will be gifted. And if he/she is a non-Muslim h e will be punished by answering incorrect. Angles will send his/her soul according to his deeds, if he will be a good man he will be sent in heaven, otherwise thrown in hell. This world is a great test world for all human beings. A good person will be in heaven and a bad person will be thrown into hell. Hell is a place where Allah keeps their bad human beings. There is a big reward hereafter, alike punishment is also brutal. Hell is a big space in which millions of peoples can be punished at once. Hell is full of fire which is fanned for millions of years. Fire is fanned till the Day of Judgment. All the persons with sins will be thrown into it and will be punished till his punishment ends. All the doors of forgiveness will be closed on the Day of Judgment. No one can be escaped. It will be on the sky, how could anyone one be escaped. All the things will be done according to the order of Allah. Paradise (Jannah) is the place made for those people who are beloved to Allah through the ir actions. Such bounties are there which nobody can imagine, no mind can perceive, no ears had ever heard. People in Jannah will spend their time with full joy and peace. Their every will be come true which was unaccepted on earth. Heaven is a beautiful, calm and secure place which will be full of beautiful hurs (fair, beautiful females) wearing fine silk gowns with wide lovely eyes. Milk streams will float everywhere. No sense of fatigue will touch there. People will be never asked to leave from there.

Service Learning Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Service Learning Project - Essay Example Finally, I also joined the brainstorming session for Friday’s event where we discussed what was to be presented, and I gave some ideas that were well received. This service-learning project was appropriate for my BComm program course for various reasons, mostly in equipping me with abilities, skills, and knowledge required for a successful career in private and public sectors. The project helped me to explore the communications aspect of the course, as I was able to engage in textual, visual, and verbal messages for a specific audience, in this case, those who are to attend the religious event, which is important to my professional and academic success. It also helped me to explore the information literacy aspect through recognition of required information and the retrieval, evaluation, and effective use of information during my work at the Society’s library. I was also able top engage in teamwork during the brainstorming session that was a valuable lesson in how to interact with other team members during one of the important stages of team decision making. Finally, the project helped me learn about the social and ethical responsibi lity aspect of the course, as I was involved in planning for an event through which the Society was giving back to the

Mind and Morality Essay Example for Free

Mind and Morality Essay The external factors play a huge role in shaping one’s decisions. One may think that his genetic and background history has the most influence on his actions, but in reality, the intensity of a given situation has greater impact in the choices of the individual. The surroundings one lives in ultimately influences his perception, decision, and morality. In his essay, â€Å"The Power of Context,† Malcolm Gladwell states how it is the little things in life that makes the bigger difference and in many aspects this is true. In Daniel Gilbert’s essay, â€Å"Immune to Reality† he talks about how human perception about reality is not always accurate. In Oliver Sacks’s essay, â€Å"The Mind’s Eye† he shows how there are many different perceptions to view the world. So at the same time, is it possible to dictate what is right and wrong in one’s life if all the decisions are a result of his given situation and surroundings? Also the morality for each person varies depending on their circumstances and perception of their world. Ultimately, an absolute form of right and wrong does not exist because the context of the situation always changes, but still it is possible to achieve an applicable standard of morality in society. Each individual has his own way of looking at the world that is completely unique when compared to the way another person does. This is perception of reality and this form is always open to discussion because the person generates this viewpoint. Each individual makes his decisions based on his perception of the world. â€Å"The processes by which we generate positive views are many: we pay more attention to favorable information, we surround ourselves with those who provide it, and we accept it uncritically (Gilbert 134). In many instance one creates his own perception to suit his way of thinking, so the individual could be in the center of his world. â€Å"He seemed to regard this loss of visual imagery as a prerequisite for the full development, the heightening, of his other senses† (Sacks 304). Most people see becoming blind as unfortunate event, but according to this person it helped him to improve his other senses. â€Å"The tabloids dubbed Goetz the subway vigilante and the death wish shooter† (Gladwell 153). Rather than seeing Goetz as a lunatic the newspapers depicted him as a hero. So this shows the difference in perception between people and how it varies from individuals. Importantly since each person’s perception varies it is hard to claim whose perception is right or wrong because ultimately is there a â€Å"right† perception of the world that everybody should be following? Even when viewing a painting everybody has their own interpretation of the art. No one claims there is only one â€Å"right† perception; rather the different perceptions are simply different approaches towards looking at the world. â€Å"It was simply inconceivable that someone could pull a gun on someone else on the subway and be called a hero for it. † (Gladwell 154) shows how different viewpoints affect the verdicts of a situation. A hero to some people might be a villain to others and it is hard to claim who is the â€Å"right† hero. The difference in subjectivity among people will always create a discrepancy of opinions among people. Since a variety of perception exists, then is it possible to have a perfect set and stone â€Å"right and wrong† rules in life? The context of a given matter plays a huge role in deciding the morality of the event. Morality is very much depended on the background information of the event. It is very hard to dictate the morality of an issue without seeing the bigger picture. Most people might see stealing as a wrong act, but what if someone stole a piece of bread in order to make sure he does not die from starvation, is that still a wrong act? In a situation like that one might feel sympathetic to that poor fellow and probably will see stealing as reasonable in that given situation. â€Å"We do not realize that our views will change† (Gilbert 135), the idea of morality varies on the situation because the context of the event directly affects morality. â€Å"Blindness now becomes for him a dark paradoxical gift. This is not just compensation, but a whole new order, a new mode of human being† (Sacks 305), in many aspects blind people do not see their condition as a curse or burden rather a different approach towards living and for most sighted people it might be hard to understand and accept this approach. â€Å"That there are instances where you can take normal people from good schools and happy families and good neighborhoods and powerfully affect their behavior merely by changing the immediate details of their situation† (Gladwell 162) this shows how the little details of an event plays huge role in the outcomes of an event. Essentially, context of a situation is what dictates morality and it is going to be almost impossible to label morality as set and stone as something like the Ten Commandments because the context always changes. Even though the standards of morality vary according to the situation there are some aspects of morality that one subconsciously accepts. Some ethics are universally considered wrong and one’s mind without even one knowing already knows that some choices are not right. That is why the mind tends to usually question the choices one makes. â€Å"When we cook facts, we are similarly unaware of why we are doing it, and this turns out to be a good thing, because deliberate attempts to generate positive views† (Gilbert 134), subconsciously to some extend individuals are aware of the morality behind an action and this will help individuals to make their decisions wisely. â€Å"To what extent are we our experiences, our reactions shaped, predetermined, by our brains, and to what extend do we shape our own brains† (Sacks 303), There are some emotions and judgments that are simply preinstalled in one’s mind which aids an individual in making choices that are difficult. â€Å"After a while the bad guys wised up and began to leave their weapons home and pay their fares† (Gladwell 157) this shows how there is a consciousness inside individuals that helps in guiding with decision making. When making a choice that might inflict pain to us or others one’s mind will usually try to suggest against that decision. That is why the idea of taking an innocent person’s life is universally seen as a wrongful act in societies. Therefore, there is a sense of unconscious morality that lies within the hearts of most individuals. Achieving a complete form of morality is a very idealistic thought because practically it’s not possible. There are infinitely many ways of perceiving morality and it would be impossible to set a standard that would suit all the time. â€Å"Too often people with sight don’t see anything† (Sacks 310). There are parts that even one’s eye sometimes cannot capture meaning that sometimes it’s simply not possible to account for all the possibilities. â€Å"The benefit of all this unconscious cookery is that it works, but the cost is that it makes us strangers to ourselves† (Gilbert 135). People sometime engage in activities without being aware of the magnitude of the situation. †They are both based on the premise that an epidemic can be reversed, can be tipped, by tinkering with the smallest details of the immediate environment† (Gladwell 157) the intensity of the situation has a huge influence on the decision of the individual. Due to all this, perceiving morality completely would be very difficult. Also having a perfect morality would require infinite knowledge which humans do not possess. As an individual one is limited at what he observes at a given time and there are limitations for each individual in this world. However, through the perceptions of many individuals, people will be able to come up with a better understanding of morality. Even with the limitations each individual has a small understanding of morality in the back of his head. Essentially, when all these understanding that are possessed by individuals are combined then a suitable set of standards will be formed that can accompany most situations. The collective effort of people will help to generate a better set of morality that will help in creating a peaceful environment for people to live in. That is why it is important to have many different perceptions of morality because they all eventually lead to creating appropriate rules that will be suitable for the well-being of a society. Despite not being able to have an absolute morality with infallible accuracy and with infinite knowledge, an applicable method of sensing morality is still practical. Individuals lack the ability to have a perfect morality because for one to acquire it in completion one needs to possess infinite amount of knowledge. Despite this back drop each individual innately has the ability to know morality in small parts and therefore combining the small parts of every individual will help to achieve a suitable set of codes. The differences in perception between people only aids to benefit humans in portraying a better understanding of morality. That is why it is important that there are different types of perceptions because if there was only one view then a very limited and narrow minded principle would be prevalent in the world. The different pathways of thinking done by people finally leads to achieving a suitable mode of morality. An absolute form of morality will never be possible in this imperfect world, however, that does not mean accomplishing a reasonable standard is impossible.

Eulogy for Friend :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Friend Three days ago I was working on a lecture dealing with a prominent figure on the French literary scene who happens to be a Sephardic Jew. He pictures the Jew as essentially a wounded man, one racked by his Jewishness. The world for him is a desert, and God is enwrapped in silence. For him the keynote is exile, the stuff of his writing a kind of brave despair. The news of Hays's death broke into my thoughts on this, and it occurred to me that his philosophy of life could be expressed by reversing this writer's terms. The one saw the Jew as a wounded man; the other saw in the Jew, rejoicing in his Jewishness, the acme of spiritual health. The one saw the world as a desert, the other as an orchard. The one saw God as the God of silence, the other saw Him as the God of communication, one with whom you could stay in touch. The keynote of the one was exile; while the other saw in the combination of Judaism and America the best of all possible worlds. It is deceptively easy to say, why not? Was not Hays one on whom fortune had smiled, one who had every reason to see the world in a positive light? Yet the very fact in itself can be burdensome. His father had set him a very high standard. Solomon Solis-Cohen combined the sciences and the humanities and community service in a way which is hardly possible in our complex age. Hays hewed out his own path. In his lifelong professional growth as a man of the law, he acquired a reputation for probity second to none. Even those who disagreed with him on this issue or that had to concede that he was a man of conscience, and for him principle came first, and no claim of expediency could make it take second place. Hays took to heart the moral of his father's best-known poem, and knew how quickly love can pass by if it is not grasped and cherished. He loved much and well. He loved America with a passionate devotion. When my son was born, he wrote to me, pointing out the privilege of being born an American citizen. He loved the ideals and traditions of Judaism, and always found them in harmony with his Americanism. He loved his grand-children, and a special warmth came into his voice when he spoke of them.

Great Expectations: A Synopsis Essay

â€Å"The worst prisons are those we create for ourselves. † To what extent do you agree? Set in the 19th Century Victorian England, many of the main characters in Great Expectations’ are imprisoned either virtually or metaphorically. Magwich is an actual prisoner of the English penal system, and is also a prisoner of his own desire to revenge Compeyson and the class system. Miss Havisham ad Pip create prisons for themselves out of their own fixations and obsessions. It could also be argued that Pip and Estella are both metaphorically imprisoned by Miss Havisham and Magwitch’s need to revenge. Although the description of Newgate is ghastly, and the effects of the prisons imposed upon Pip and Estella are difficult to overcome- the detrimental lite and psychological effects on Pip, Miss Havisham and Magwitch resultant of their self imposed prisons are the worst prisons of all, because they are so illusive and deceptive, that the characters often dont know of their existence until the damage is done. Through his exposure to Satis House and Estella’s taunting malice, Pip becomes aware of his social inferiority, and thus sprouts the first seeds of discontent with his class. Like a distant yet alluring star, Pip is tantalised by Estella’s wealth and beauty, and out of his exposure to her his all consuming obsession with becoming a gentelman emerges. Ironically, when this idea first emerged, Pip really had very little understanding of what a gentleman was. Although he cannot articulate whether he has this desire â€Å"to spite her or to gain her over,† this fervent urge dictates the direction of his life. He becomes imprisoned into a superficial and narrow be. cf that a gentleman is someone with wealth, status and learning, and will go to any lengths to achieve this aim, albeit rejecting Joe and Biddy. Pip gains his great expectations frorn Magwitch, and although he was metaphorically imprisoned by Magwitch’s exploitation of him to revenge the class system- Pip had already begun to laud the false values of gentilify. Pip could have used Magwitch’s money to become a member of the upper class, but still retain qualities of kindne ss and compassion (like Herbert. Instead, Pip becomes locked into the world of lavish expenditure, greed and corruption. Despite his unhappiness, shown clearly the Finch Club â€Å"there was a gay fiction that we were constantly enjoying ourselves, and a keleton of truth that we never did†, it takes him many years and trials to free himself from this elusive self imposed prison. Despite the guilt that he feels, he still manages to Justify his treatment of Joe because the prison he has created for himself is so difficult to break out of. Miss Havisham is the epitome of the devastating consequences of creating ones own prison. After being swindled and left at the alter, Miss Havisham is so emotionally ruined that she creates her own virtual and rnetaphorical prison. She confines herself to her mansion, which â€Å"had a great many iron confines bars to it’? and tells Pip that she had â€Å"never seen the sun since you were born. † But she also confines her and raising her purely as an instrument to â€Å"wreak havoc† in the hearts of men. Miss Havisham creates her own prison to revenge all males, and this prison envelops her existence. So consumed by hatred, Miss Havisham’s heart begins to decay, as is symbolic in her surroundings â€Å"covered in dust and mould and dropping to peices†, as well as her spider infested rotten wedding cake. Like Pip, it takes Miss Havisham many yearsand much suffering to understand that she was actually imprisoned. The urning point for her came when she realised that Estella could not lover her because â€Å"l stole her heart away and put ice in its place. Pip acknowledges that Miss Havisham’s imprisonment of Estella was a â€Å"greivous thing† but recognised that her own seclusion from the world and from the healing influcences to her mind and broken heart were infinitely worse. Conversly, Magwitch is a prisoner of the penal system. Although he committed a crime that saw him placed in a Jail, Magwitch did not create this prison because he was forced into imp risonment by the authorities, and was basically forced to commit rime in order to survive. His imprisonment was not a conscious choice, as was Pip and Miss Havisham’s, and unlike the others, Magwitch was well aware of this imprisonment. Despite his loss of freedom and years immersed in sub-human conditions, his mental imprisonment in the need to revenge Compeyson and class system, which he creates for himself, has the most damaging effect on his life. After escaping from the prison ship, Magwitch could have been free had it not been for his revenge upon Compeyson. Because of these acitons, Magwitch finds himself again imprisoned and sent for life to Australia. Again, it was his self-imposed imprisonment that caused the most damage. Magwitch spends most of his time in Australia working to convert Pip into a gentleman to revenge the class system, instead of Just forgetting his past and moving on with his life. He even goes so far as to come back to Englas to see â€Å"my gentleman†, and is consequently sentenced to death for returning. Through the stories of Pip, Miss Havisham and Magwitch, Dickens is clearly expressing that the worst prisons are those we create for ourselves, as their damage is subtle to the victim who may be unaware of their existence.

Fascinating Facts About Arctic Bearded Seal

The bearded seal (Erignathus barbatus) gets its name from its thick, light-colored whiskers, which resemble a beard. These ice seals live in Arctic waters, often on or near floating ice. Bearded seals are 7-8 feet long and weigh 575-800 pounds. Females are larger than males. Bearded seals have a small head, short snout, and square flippers. Their large body has a dark gray or brown coat that may have dark spots or rings. These seals live on or under the ice. They may even sleep in the water, with their heads at the surface so that they can breathe. When under the ice, they breathe through breathing holes, which they may form by pushing their heads through thin ice. Unlike ringed seals, bearded seals dont seem to maintain their breathing holes for long periods. When bearded seals rest on the ice, they lay near the edge, facing down so that they can quickly escape a predator. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: MammaliaOrder: CarnivoraFamily: PhocidaeGenus: ErignathusSpecies: Barbatus Habitat and Distribution Bearded seals live in cold, icy regions in the Arctic, Pacific, and Atlantic Oceans. They are solitary animals who haul out on ice floes. They may also be found under the ice, but need to come up to the surface and breathe through breathing holes. They live in areas where the water is less than 650 feet deep. Feeding Bearded seals eat fish (e.g., Arctic cod), cephalopods (octopus), and crustaceans (shrimp and crab), and clams. They hunt near the ocean bottom, using their whiskers (vibrissae) to help find food. Reproduction Female bearded seals are sexually mature at around 5 years, while males become sexually mature at 6-7 years. From March to June, males vocalize. When they vocalize, the males dive in a spiral underwater, releasing bubbles as they go, which creates a circle. They surface in the center of the circle. They make a variety of sounds — trills, ascents, sweeps, and moans. Individual males have unique vocalizations, and some males are very territorial, while others may roam. The sounds are thought to be used to advertise their fitness to potential mates and have only been heard during the breeding season. Mating occurs in spring. Females give birth to a pup about 4 feet long in length and 75 pounds in weight the following spring. The total gestation period is about 11 months. Pups are born with a soft fur called lanugo. This fur is grayish-brown and is shed after about a month. Pups nurse their mothers rich, fatty milk for about 2-4 weeks, and then must fend for themselves. The life span of bearded seals is thought to be about 25-30 years. Conservation and Predators Bearded seals are listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List. Natural predators of bearded seals include polar bears (their main natural predators), killer whales (orcas), walruses and Greenland sharks. Human-caused threats include hunting (by native hunters), pollution, oil exploration and (potentially) oil spills, increased human noise, coastal development, and climate change. These seals use the ice for breeding, molting, and resting, so they are a species thought to be very vulnerable to global warming. In December 2012, two population segments (the Beringia and Okhotsk population segments) were listed under the Endangered Species Act. NOAA said that the listing was due to the likelihood of a significant decrease in sea ice later this century. References and Further Reading Alaska Department of Fish and Game. Bearded Seal. Accessed January 31, 2013.ARKive. Bearded Seal. Accessed January 31, 2013.Berta, A.; Churchill, M. 2012. Erignathus barbatus (Erxleben, 1777). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species, January 31, 2013.Discovery of Sound in the Sea. Bearded Seal. Accessed January 31, 2013.Kovacs, K. Lowry, L. (IUCN SSC Pinniped Specialist Group) 2008. Erignathus barbatus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. Accessed January 31, 2013.NOAA Fisheries: Office of Protected Resources. Bearded Seal Accessed January 31, 2013.